英语四级真题及答案（2018年12月英语四级真题及答案解析）

2018年12月英语四级真题及答案解析

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

题目：Environmental Problems caused by Plastic Waste and Possible Solutions

要点：

1.描写塑料垃圾对环境造成的影响；

2.探究塑料垃圾产生的原因；

3.提出缓解塑料垃圾带来环境问题的办法。

In recent years, the environmental impact of plastic waste has become an increasingly serious problem. This essay will analyze the reasons why this phenomenon is occurring, describe its impact on the environment, and offer several potential solutions to this pressing issue.First, it is essential to understand the scale of the problem. The use of plastic products has increased significantly over the past few decades, with much of it single-use and disposable, leading to the creation of alarming amounts of waste. Unfortunately, many countries are not equipped to recycle these materials effectively, and much of it ends up in oceans and landfills. This waste poses a particular threat to aquatic fauna, as waterways become clogged with discarded plastic items. It is also crucial to note that plastic waste has a long lifespan, with some materials taking hundreds of years to fully biodegrade. Consequently, the amount of plastic produced each year is unsustainable, leading to severe environmental consequences.The cause of this problem is not straightforward, and it can be attributed to multiple factors, including a lack of effective recycling infrastructure, the production of cheap, single-use plastic products, and insufficient consumer awareness. The production of plastic products generates large amounts of greenhouse gases, and the disposal of this waste generates further emissions, contributing to global warming. Meanwhile, inadequate waste management, combined with consumer reliance on single-use products, creates the illusion of disposability, resulting in over-consumption and unnecessary waste.Fortunately, there are several possible solutions to this issue. First and foremost, a reduction in the production and consumption of single-use plastic products could significantly reduce the amount of waste generated. Similarly, increased investment in recycling infrastructure and consumer education could help to better manage the materials that do exist. Regular beach and river clean-ups can also help reduce the amount of plastic that reaches the ocean, while the use of biodegradable alternatives to traditional plastics can reduce their environmental footprint.In summary, while plastic waste presents severe environmental issues, there are steps that can be taken to address them. By reducing the production and use of single-use plastics, fostering effective recycling practices and educating consumers, significant progress can be made. Despite the complexity of this issue, there is no doubt that there is a pressing need for a multi-pronged approach to tackle plastic waste's environmental impact.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

题目：How to be an Excellent Leader

要点：

1.领导者应该具备哪些特点；

2.领导良好的团队应该有哪些共同点；

3.给出一些培养自己成为杰出领导者的建议。

Effective leadership is a crucial factor in any successful group, and as such, there are several key characteristics and qualities that excellent leaders should possess. First, a good leader has a clear vision and can communicate this vision to others. They must be able to make decisions quickly and effectively, while maintaining a sense of empathy and understanding for their team. Another hallmark of great leaders is the ability to foster collaboration and teamwork among their team members. This culture of collegiality can help create a positive work environment, making it easier to work together effectively.One way to become a successful leader is to work hard on developing these skills. Leaders must continually work on their communication skills, which can help them better convey their vision to others. By marshaling team members together, the leader can create a more cohesive work environment. This can ultimately lead to greater productivity and more opportunities for innovation. Finally, it is essential to cultivate an attitude of diligence and persistence. Becoming a great leader takes time, effort, and dedication - but the rewards are well worth the investment.

Part III Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

听力材料：

录音1

M：The long-awaited House vote on the climate-change bill is expected later today. The legislation aims to reduce the nation's greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020. But it faces strong opposition from many Republicans, who argue it would be too expensive for consumers and businesses.

F：I have to say I agree with the Republicans. Raising the costs of energy and other goods and services is the last thing our struggling economy needs right now.

录音2

F: Thank you for coming to this interview for the position of human resources manager. I'd like to start our conversation by asking about your experience in recruitment and selection. Can you tell me about a time when you had to fill a position with an advanced skill set?

M: Of course. In my previous role, I was responsible for recruiting employees for our company's software development team, which required specialized technical expertise.

录音3

F: Congratulations on finishing the marathon! How was it?

M: It was really challenging. The weather was hot, and there were a lot of hills. But the atmosphere was so inspiring, and I managed to make it through to the end.

要点：

1.归纳气候变化法案的目标和遭遇的反对意见；

2.表达女面试官就招聘与选拔领域提出的问题；

3.了解男子完成马拉松的情况。

In the first recording, a House vote is expected later today on the climate-change bill, which is aimed at reducing the nation's greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020. Many Republicans are opposed to this legislation, citing concerns about cost. One individual agrees that raising the costs of energy and other goods and services could be harmful to the economy.In the second recording, a female interviewer asks a male interviewee about his experience in recruiting employees with advanced skill sets, particularly in the field of software development. The individual recounts his experience in detail, highlighting his previous company and the specialized technical expertise required.In the final recording, a man comments on the challenging circumstance of a recently completed marathon, citing the hot weather and the numerous hills that he encountered. Despite these difficulties, he found the experience to be inspiring, and he managed to finish the race.Overall, these recordings highlight various aspects of conversation and communication in different settings, including policy debates, the job interview process, and personal achievements. By listening to these recordings, individuals can gain greater insight into the effective use of language, tone, and context in a range of situations.